πŸ“– New to this tool? Read the step-by-step guide β†’

πŸ”§ Konvertibly Engineering Calculator

Professional engineering calculations for pressure, torque, stress, force, and more. Precision tools for engineers and technical professionals.

Conversion Result

Common Engineering Calculations
100 PSI
β†’
6.895 bar
1 atm
β†’
760 Torr
100 N
β†’
22.48 lbf
1000000 Pa
β†’
1 MPa
10 Nβ‹…m
β†’
7.376 lbβ‹…ft
10 m/s
β†’
32.81 ft/s
1000 kg/mΒ³
β†’
62.43 lb/ftΒ³
0.001 mΒ³/s
β†’
15.85 GPM
Engineering Categories
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Pressure

PSI ↔ Bar Pascal ↔ ATM kPa ↔ Torr MPa ↔ PSI
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Torque

Nβ‹…m ↔ ftβ‹…lbf inβ‹…lbf ↔ kgfβ‹…m dNβ‹…m ↔ ozβ‹…in
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Stress

Pa ↔ PSI MPa ↔ ksi GPa ↔ Msi
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Force

N ↔ lbf kN ↔ kip dyne ↔ oz kgf ↔ lbf
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Moment

Nβ‹…m ↔ ftβ‹…lbf kNβ‹…m ↔ ftβ‹…kip
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Flow Rate

mΒ³/s ↔ GPM L/min ↔ CFM L/s ↔ ftΒ³/min
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Velocity

m/s ↔ ft/s km/h ↔ mph ft/min ↔ m/min
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Acceleration

m/sΒ² ↔ ft/sΒ² g ↔ m/sΒ² g ↔ ft/sΒ²
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Density

kg/mΒ³ ↔ lb/ftΒ³ g/cmΒ³ ↔ oz/inΒ³ kg/L ↔ lb/gal
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Viscosity

Paβ‹…s ↔ cP mΒ²/s ↔ cSt poise ↔ cP

About Pressure Drop

Pressure drop (Ξ”P) is the reduction in fluid pressure along a pipe or duct caused by friction and fittings. Correct Ξ”P calculation is essential for pump/fan sizing.

How It Works

Darcy-Weisbach: Ξ”P = f Γ— (L/D) Γ— (ρvΒ²/2). f from Moody chart (depends on Re and roughness Ξ΅/D). Minor losses: Ξ”P_minor = K Γ— (ρvΒ²/2). Total system head = friction + minor + static.

Reference Values & Examples

  • 100 m of 50 mm steel pipe, water at 1.5 m/s: Ξ”P β‰ˆ 20 kPa
  • Gate valve (fully open): K β‰ˆ 0.2 (very low loss)
  • Globe valve (fully open): K β‰ˆ 10 (high loss β€” avoid where possible)
  • 90Β° elbow (screwed): K β‰ˆ 1.5

Common Applications

  • Pipe and duct system design
  • Pump and fan selection
  • HVAC and process engineering
  • Hydraulic machinery sizing
  • Chemical and environmental engineering projects

Did You Know?

The Reynolds number β€” determining whether flow is laminar or turbulent β€” was derived by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 using dye injected into glass pipes. His original experimental apparatus is still on display at the University of Manchester.

Common Mistake

Neglecting minor losses in complex pipe networks. In a system with many fittings, valves, and bends, minor losses can exceed pipe friction losses β€” in short runs of 1–5 m, minor losses may dominate by 2–5Γ—.